Billy Wood
12-07-2008, 02:12 AM
What are FTP, Telnet, Gopher and Mosaic?
These are Internet applications. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was originally developed to allow Internet users to share files across the Internet. Telnet was developed for terminals to access hosts across the Internet. Gopher (as in "GO FOR" information) was developed to provide an easy to use hierarchical menu/directory paradigm that is well suited for users of personal computers and workstations. Mosaic is the name of the first widely popular World Wide Web (WWW) browser. The WWW is a hypertext information system that provides a point-and-click interface to the Internet has proved to be as easy to use as the point-and-click graphical user interfaces of the Macintosh operating system, Microsoft Windows, and UNIX X-Windows System.
Another very important Internet application is Network News, also known as USENET news (after the USENET Unix association that manages the USENET newsgroup hierarchy) and sometimes known by its protocol, the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP).
The most popular current Internet application is electronic mail or e-mail, often referred to by its protocol, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP. You may also hear of the Post Office Protocol (POP) which is a mail transfer protocol particularly well suited to PC users. Many Internet users send their e-mail to their server using SMTP and retrieve their e-mail on demand using POP.
Advanced WWW browsers are able to communicate via FTP, Telnet, Gopher and HTML, providing a single seamless point-and-click interface to the Internet.
What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is actually two protocols, the Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). IP is a simple, yet powerful, protocol that provides packet services for higher level transport protocols, one of which is TCP.
IP is a simple messaging protocol. Each packet contains the destination address so it can be independently routed across the Internet. The job of the Internet router is quite simple: examine the destination of each incoming packet and determine which of several output ports to use to send the message onward. From time to time, routers communicate with adjacent routers to discover the current state of paths in the network, maintaining a table of destination addresses as they relate to output ports.
The network is not required to reliably deliver every packet. The network may drop or discard packets when overloaded. Routers may fail, communication circuits may fail or become overloaded, and the network of remaining routers will adapt their routing tables to the faults and send packets around the faults if paths are available.
TCP is a more complex, Transport Layer protocol which uses the simple, unreliable IP protocol, adding flow control, loss detection and re-transmission, congestion avoidance and congestion control features that provide a reliable path for the transmission of packets from source to destination. The upper layer applications are assured of delivery with each packet properly ordered and with no packets missing.
The innovative combination of a simple, unreliable IP on a network of switches or routers with a suite of higher level protocols including TCP, provides a very flexible set of data transport protocols that can serve a very wide range of applications over a single network infrastructure.
Much of this information is from unknown sources. If this material belongs to you or someone you know, please let me know so I may recognize such individuals.
These are Internet applications. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was originally developed to allow Internet users to share files across the Internet. Telnet was developed for terminals to access hosts across the Internet. Gopher (as in "GO FOR" information) was developed to provide an easy to use hierarchical menu/directory paradigm that is well suited for users of personal computers and workstations. Mosaic is the name of the first widely popular World Wide Web (WWW) browser. The WWW is a hypertext information system that provides a point-and-click interface to the Internet has proved to be as easy to use as the point-and-click graphical user interfaces of the Macintosh operating system, Microsoft Windows, and UNIX X-Windows System.
Another very important Internet application is Network News, also known as USENET news (after the USENET Unix association that manages the USENET newsgroup hierarchy) and sometimes known by its protocol, the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP).
The most popular current Internet application is electronic mail or e-mail, often referred to by its protocol, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP. You may also hear of the Post Office Protocol (POP) which is a mail transfer protocol particularly well suited to PC users. Many Internet users send their e-mail to their server using SMTP and retrieve their e-mail on demand using POP.
Advanced WWW browsers are able to communicate via FTP, Telnet, Gopher and HTML, providing a single seamless point-and-click interface to the Internet.
What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is actually two protocols, the Internet Protocol (IP) and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). IP is a simple, yet powerful, protocol that provides packet services for higher level transport protocols, one of which is TCP.
IP is a simple messaging protocol. Each packet contains the destination address so it can be independently routed across the Internet. The job of the Internet router is quite simple: examine the destination of each incoming packet and determine which of several output ports to use to send the message onward. From time to time, routers communicate with adjacent routers to discover the current state of paths in the network, maintaining a table of destination addresses as they relate to output ports.
The network is not required to reliably deliver every packet. The network may drop or discard packets when overloaded. Routers may fail, communication circuits may fail or become overloaded, and the network of remaining routers will adapt their routing tables to the faults and send packets around the faults if paths are available.
TCP is a more complex, Transport Layer protocol which uses the simple, unreliable IP protocol, adding flow control, loss detection and re-transmission, congestion avoidance and congestion control features that provide a reliable path for the transmission of packets from source to destination. The upper layer applications are assured of delivery with each packet properly ordered and with no packets missing.
The innovative combination of a simple, unreliable IP on a network of switches or routers with a suite of higher level protocols including TCP, provides a very flexible set of data transport protocols that can serve a very wide range of applications over a single network infrastructure.
Much of this information is from unknown sources. If this material belongs to you or someone you know, please let me know so I may recognize such individuals.